As it consolidated itself during the medieval period, the country was comprised primarily of the tigray, agaw and amhara peoples. Decentralization in ethiopia connecting repositories. Pdf decentralization and service delivery in ethiopia. Decentralisation extends to the lowest level of the organisation. Decentralization of power and local autonomy in ethiopian. Issues of vertical imbalances in ethiopias emerging system of fiscal. This article addresses the question of why ethiopias post1991 decentralisation reform is not taking the desired direction of matching diverse needs with available resources and creating accountable, responsive and autonomous regional governments. The process of decentralisation in ethiopia since 1991. The conceptual framework for fiscal decentralization kibre moges 18 p. The major purpose of this study was to assess the achievements and challenges of fiscal decentralization in ethiopia. It seeks to strengthen approaches, policies, and tools that. Educational decentralization and school governance in. Further powers were devolved in 2001 through the district level decentralization program and urban management profram. Poverty reduction, empowerment and participation is the outcome of this workshop.
A case study of digelu and tijo wereda of arsi zone in oromia. Objectives of the study the general objective of this study whose report is conferred in this thesis was to explore decentralization and community participation in education in abay cooman, horro, and jimma gannati woredas of horro guduru wollaga zone of oromia national regional sate, ethiopia. The most recent decentralization reforms in ethiopia began in the early 2000s at the woreda district level, focusing on strengthening local governments as institutions of democratic governance and efficient service delivery. The 1995 federal constitution is the basic document that lays out the legal and institutional framework for decentralization in. The study of water supply in chalia, oromia, ethiopia. Ethiopia has undergone through different types of local governance in the last half a century. The views and opinions expressed in this booklet are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of unesco or of the iiep. The pressure for speed and economy in administration inclines toward decentralization. Devolution of power, responsibilities, and resources from central to local governments has been the foundation of decentralization reforms in developing countries like ethiopia. Pdf ethiopia has adopted two phases of decentralization, namely. When a part of the work is entrusted to others, it is known as delegation. Flipsnack is a digital catalog maker that makes it easy to create, publish and share html5 flipbooks. Moreover, since independence, several countries have experimented with decentralization with varying degrees of success.
Rajesh kumar pundhir, abebe bokeassessment of decentralized local governance performance for service delivery in ethiopia. Decentralization is a complex phenomenon involving many geographic entities, societal actors and social sectors. Clientelism and ethiopias post1991 decentralisation. Further powers were devolved in 2001 through the district level. Ethiopia attempted to impose political decentralization with the election of subnational. Decentralisation can be viewed as an extension of delegation.
Later, a clearer federal system was established with the adoption of the 1995 constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia. According to articles 1 and 47 of the constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia, the country is a federation of nine ethnolinguistically divided regional states. The ethnic diversity of ethiopia was made part of the decentralization design with regional and subregional boundaries drawn in ways which explicitly gave geographic recognition to ethnic identities, including the official use of local languages for state business a major departure from the earlier official dominance of amharic. Since the middle of the l980s most african countries have started a transfer of power, resources and. Although decentralization in ethiopia has attracted some research, less attention is given to decentralized environmental governance tegegne, 2007.
The extent and impacts of decentralization reforms in ethiopia. The legal framework for fiscal decentralization in ethiopia during the transition period befekadu degefe 24 p. In particular, the various instruments of decentralizationfiscal, administrative, regulatory, market, and financialcan affect the incentives facing service providers, even though they relate only to local policymakers. This is suggestive evidence that increasing administrative powers or the mayors wedge played an important role in making ethiopian cities more competitive. Decentralization is carried out on all levels of government and civil society within the country. With menelik iis ascension to the throne in 1889, a period of. The process of decentralisation in ethiopia since 1991 7 southern ethiopian peoples democratic front sepdf, to a more cohesive political force in which the major regions are now governed by eprdfallied parties. Ethnicity, democratisation and decentralization in ethiopia 83 the researcher made several field trips to several woredas districts of the oromia region for data collection. The objective of this introductory chapter is to explain the importance of agricultural services, the role that governments had assumed in their provision and the perceived need in the 1980s for institutional reform including a reduced role for central government in service provision. Decentralization in ethiopia request pdf researchgate. Subnational governments at the subnational level, concerns about ethiopias dominantparty state are therefore replicated. Pdf besides the introduction and conclusion there are five parts.
Fiscal decentralisation overseas development institute. The decentralization of ethiopias political system. Ethiopia is a remarkable case in which war, famine and chaos in the 1970s1980s were followed by federalization, decentralization, rapid growth and dramatic. The authors explore the effects of decentralization on education and health in ethiopia using an original database covering all of the countrys regions and woredas local governments. Assistance in capacity building and governance is offered by numerous organizations such as the world bank, the united nations, and numerous german agencies which have worked in ethiopia since the 1960s when the two countries signed an economic.
The process of decentralisation in ethiopia since 1991 korea. The 1991 government change in ethiopia ushered in a centralised system of governance, aimed to bring about harmony and cooperation between different groups and to promote local selfrule. Political, administrative, fiscal and market decentralization can also appear in different forms and combinations across countries, within countries and even within sectors. History of the postwar ethiopian fiscal system wogene yirko 42 p. Decentralization and nation building in ethiopia by. The first wave of decentralization 19912001 was centered on creating and empowering nationalregional governments and hence was termed as. Decentralization in zimbabwes forest sector has been varied depending on the tenurial status of the land on which the woodlands are found. Iii, issue 3 june 2015 3612 functionally, decentralization is divided into different. Distribution of conditional transfers contents acknowledgements 3 1. In protected forest zones, collaborative resource management regimes have only recently been introduced.
Likewise, and perhaps more significantly, the incentives facing local and national politicians can. The case of dendi district, west shoa zone of oromia state. Breaking with a centralized past, the incumbent government of the ethiopian peoples revolutionary democratic front eprdf committed itself to a decentralization policy in the early 1990s and has since then created a number of new sites for statecitizen interactions. In part ii, political decentralization, kassa teshager ecsc has looked at political decentralization and assesses how it has been legally designed, implemented and how successful it has been in achieving. In part ii, political decentralization, kassa teshager ecsc has looked at.
Until now, decentralization in ethiopia has attracted very little research. Decentralization is transforming the structure of governance in africa. He held interviews with key informants, as well as conducted focus group discussions in ambo, waliso, gerar jarso, north shewa, walenchiti, east shewa, arsi and jimma. Chiles experience also suggests that decentralization does not by itself remove inequalities. Fiscal decentralization in ethiopia book, 1994 worldcat. Achievements and challenges deribe assefa lecturer, ethiopian civil service university abstract as one of the major dimensions of decentralization reform program, fiscal decentralization has been a worldwide phenomenon since the 1980s and since 1991 in ethiopia.
Ethiopia in brief and decentralized governance structure of nfae in. An explicit goal of the new constitution is to bring government closer to the. Fiscal decentralization in ethiopia the movement for. Ethiopia officially launched the district level decentralization. The decentralization drive in ethiopia has proceeded in two phases. Achievements and challenges as one of the major dimensions of decentralization reform program, fiscal decentralization has been a worldwide. Decentralization and nation building in ethiopia, published.
Decentralized governance offers opportunities for achieving development through good governance and community participation at the grass root level ayenew. Decentralization experiences and ngo participation in ethiopia and kenya ethiopia context of health reforms and decentralization ethiopia is one of the least developed countries in the world with low development indicators even by subsaharan africa standards. Educational decentralization and school governance in south africa. The near universality of the claim to decentralization and the diverse consequences of the revival of local government structures under. Ever since 1991, ethiopia has departed from the old unitary form of state and has been implementing language based federalism.
Advantages and disadvantages of decentralisation advantages of decentralisation motivation of subordinates. This article explores the politics of decentralization and statepeasant encounters in rural oromiya, ethiopia. Ethnicity, democratisation and decentralization in. The evidence about the impact of decentralization on education services is mixed and limited. Decentralizations effects on education, health and. Political decentralization aims to give citizens or their elected representatives more power in public decisionmaking. Decentralization improves the level of job satisfaction as well as employee morale, especially amongst the lower level managers furthermore, it strives to satisfy the varying requirements for participation, independence, and status. Ethiopia attempted to introduce federalism in general, and fiscal decentralization in particular back as far as the transition period 1991994. Since then, further reforms have been announced in countries as diverse as bolivia, cambodia, ethiopia, france. This volume brings together studies by the forum for social studies and others, with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps for further research and to generate debate on the issues in ethiopia. The more competent the field staff, the greater the propensity to decentralization. Although politics is the driving force behind devolution in most countries, fortunately, decentralization may be one of those instances where good politics and economics may serve the same end. A decade ago, estimates of the number of decentralization experiments ranged from 80 percent of the worlds countries to effectively all of them manor 1999.
Recognizing that with any large region and, in the case of the african continent. This paper shows that greater autonomy to cities in ethiopia through a. Finally, the administrative sophistication, that is, a professional approach to the problem of. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Decentralization in ethiopia is hoped to bring about harmony and cooperation between different groups and promote local selfrule. While restructuring its national political landscape from a feudal imperialist to military dictatorship and now to revolutionary democracy, the.
Meaning, advantages and disadvantages of decentralisation. Assessment of decentralized local governance performance. Decentralization and community participation in education. A number of countries have just started the process and are presently creating new units andor. Decentralisation refers to tire systematic effort to delegate. In the last decade or so, decentralization has gained prominence as an expressed goal or as an actual pursuit in several african countries.
As one of the major dimensions of decentralization reform program, fiscal decentralization has been a worldwide phenomenon since the 1980s and since 1991 in ethiopia. Upload a pdf or design from scratch flyers, magazines, books and more. Comparative assessment of decentralization in africa. In brazil, it has increased overall access enrollments but has done little to reverse persistent regional inequities in access to schooling, per capita expenditures, and quality. Complete report in english official version of document may contain signatures, etc official pdf, 14 pages 0.
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